Scientific Insights into Hyperlipidemia Mitigation: A Profound Examination of Isolated Bioactive Fractions of Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Leaves and their Therapeutic Implications Using in vitro, in vivo, and in silico Study from the Characterized Compounds Using HPTLC MS/MSn Analysis

Abstract

Background Hyperlipidemia is a common precursor to cardiovascular diseases, necessitating effective intervention. This study explores the potential of a bioactive fraction derived from Kalanchoe pinnata leaf, a less-explored natural source, for its antihyperlipidemic properties. Objectives The primary objectives of this research are to isolate and assess the bioactive fraction from Kalanchoe pinnata leaves extract for its antihyperlipidemic attributes using a murine model. The study also aims to characterize the fraction and investigate its interactions with hyperlipidemia-related proteins. Materials and Methods Kalanchoe pinnata leaves were extracted and fractionated via flash chromatography. Isolated fractions underwent phytochemical, antioxidant, and enzyme inhibition assays in vitro. In vivo, selected fractions were tested in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. Fraction F2, which exhibits the most potent activity, was characterized using HPTLC MS/MSn chromatography. Molecular docking studies explored interactions between F2 compounds and hyperlipidemia-related proteins. Results Fraction F2 displayed significant in vivo antihyperlipidemic activity, with observable morphological changes in mice. HPTLC MS/MSn identified four major compounds in F2, while docking studies revealed potential interactions with hyperlipidemia-related proteins. Conclusion This study underscores F2’s potential as a potent antihyperlipidemic agent sourced from Kalanchoe pinnata leaves. The identified compounds hold promise for further research in hyperlipidemia therapy development, emphasizing the therapeutic potential of natural Kalanchoe pinnata compounds for managing hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular conditions.