Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Panax japonicus: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background Panax japonicus ( P. japonicus) belongs to the Panax genus of Araliaceae and is used as medicine mainly with the bamboo whiplike rhizome, which has the functions of dispelling blood stasis and hemostasis, attenuating swelling and pain, eradicating phlegm and relieving cough, tonifying, and strength. Purpose This review intends to summarize the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of P. japonicus to provide a scientific and systematic basis for better utilization of its rational applications. Methods The literature was searched using PubMed, Baidu Scholar and Science Hub search engines. Results The chemistry components isolated from P. japonicus are mainly saponins, besides also including polysaccharides, amino acids, volatile oils, inorganic elements, etc. P. japonicus exhibits extensive pharmacological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, lipid lowering activities, and therefore show extensive protective effects on the central nervous system, cardio-cerebrovascular system, digestive system. Conclusion This article included a thorough summary of the botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of P. japonicus and provided evidence for its further research and clinical applications.