A Single-Arm Pilot Study of Multicomponent Psychoeducational Intervention for Postpartum Depression and Anxiety in a Rural Community

Abstract

Background: The prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and anxiety (PPA) is rising in India and efforts at generating local evidence for psychological intervention are scanty. We conducted a single-arm pilot study in an Indian rural community to test the impact of multicomponent psychoeducational intervention (MCPI) on women with PPD and PPA. Methods: Forty-three women with PPD/PPA/both received MCPI, which comprised three phases with in-person sessions held once weekly for a minimum of six and a maximum of ten weeks. Primary outcome variables were scores on depression and anxiety, assessed using the Edinburg postnatal depression scale and the state and trait anxiety inventory, along with evaluating the compliance rate to the intervention. The Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview (MINI) neuropsychiatric interview was used to confirm the diagnosis of depression and anxiety. Secondary outcome variables assessed were social support, functionality, parental stress, interpersonal violence, and marital satisfaction. We used Cohen’s d effect size method for assessing the mean differences. Results: MCPI resulted in the improvement of 72% women (95% CI = 56.3%–84.7%). The overall compliance rate to the intervention was 85.63%, which was higher for responders than nonresponders (92.9% vs. 69.8%; P < 0.001). MCPI resulted in statistically significant improvement in the mean score of depression (P = 0.001, d = 0.95) and anxiety (P = 0.001, d = 1.30). On secondary outcome variables, significant improvement was obtained in the overall present social support (P = 0.001; d = 4.65), present social support from partner (P = 0.027; d = 0.45) and parents (P = 0.001; d = 0.74), future social support from parents (P = 0.001; d = 0.81), the performance of household responsibility (P = 0.001; d = 0.97), lifestyle in the last two weeks (P = 0.001; d = 3.57), parental stress (P = 0.001; d = 1.04), and marital satisfaction (P = 0.014; d = 0.52). Conclusion: This pilot study shows that MCPI has a promising role in relieving depression and anxiety. It also improved the perception of social support from partner and parents, functionality, marital satisfaction, and reduced parental stress.