Comparison of Hemostatic Disturbances between Patients on Capd and Patients on Hemodialysis

Abstract

Objective Disturbances in hemostasis are common findings in uremic patients. Both bleeding diathesis and thrombosis are observed. The purpose of this study was to assess whether renal replacement therapy in the form of hemodialysis (HD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) affects coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with end-stage renal failure. Design Comparison of hemostatic measures in patients on CAPD, HD, and matched healthy controls. Setting Department of Nephrology and Internal Medicine, Bialystok University School of Medicine. Patients and Methods Twenty-four HD patients and 23 CAPD patients were evaluated with respect to platelet aggregation, hemostatic parameters, serum lipids, lipoprotein(a), and cytokines [tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin-1 (IL-1)]. Interventions Four exchanges of CAPD per day, using 2.0 L dialysate over a period of 25 ± 31 months; or 4 – 5 hours of HD 3 times per week for a period of 31 ± 22 months. Results Platelet aggregation in whole blood and platelet-rich plasma was significantly impaired in both groups of dialyzed patients compared to healthy volunteers. Markers of endothelial cell injury (thrombomodulin and von Willebrand factor) were significantly higher in HD and CAPD patients compared to the control group. A similar pattern of changes was observed for lipoprotein(a), fibrinogen, tissue factor pathway activity, and factor VII activity. Activity of factor X was significantly enhanced in CAPD compared to HD patients and controls. Euglobulin clot lysis time was significantly prolonged in HD and CAPD patients over controls, being more prolonged in CAPD patients. Markers of ongoing coagulation (thrombin–antithrombin complexes and prothrombin fragments 1+2) were higher in uremic patients, significantly higher in CAPD than in HD. A marker of ongoing fibrinolysis (plasmin–antiplasmin complexes) was higher in uremic patients but was lower in CAPD than in HD patients. Concentrations of TNFα and IL-1 were higher in HD than in CAPD patients. Conclusion Patients on CAPD showed evidence of a higher degree of hypercoagulation than HD patients. Thus, hemostatic abnormalities in end-stage renal failure may be affected to some extent by the choice of renal replacement therapy.