Is There Progress toward Eliminating Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Leading Causes of Death?

Abstract

Objectives. We examined changes in relative disparities between racial/ethnic populations for the five leading causes of death in the United States from 1990 to 2006. Methods. The study was based on age-adjusted death rates for four racial/ethnic populations from 1990–1998 and 1999–2006. We compared the percent change in death rates over time between racial/ethnic populations to assess changes in relative differences. We also computed an index of disparity to assess changes in disparities relative to the most favorable group rate. Results. Except for stroke deaths from 1990 to 1998, relative disparities among racial/ethnic populations did not decline between 1990 and 2006. Disparities among racial/ethnic populations increased for heart disease deaths from 1999 to 2006, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths from 1990 to 1998, and for chronic lower respiratory disease deaths from 1999 to 2006. Conclusions. Deaths rates for the leading causes of death are generally declining; however, relative differences between racial/ethnic groups are not declining. The lack of reduction in relative differences indicates that little progress is being made toward the elimination of racial/ethnic disparities.