Tracking COVID-19 in the United States With Surveillance of Aggregate Cases and Deaths

Author:

Khan Diba1ORCID,Park Meeyoung1,Burkholder Jacqueline1,Dumbuya Sorie1,Ritchey Matthew D.12,Yoon Paula1,Galante Amanda3,Duva Joseph L.3,Freeman Jeffrey3,Duck William1,Soroka Stephen1,Bottichio Lyndsay1,Wellman Michael1,Lerma Samuel1,Lyons B. Casey1,Dee Deborah12,Haile Seghen1,Gaughan Denise M.1,Langer Adam1,Gundlapalli Adi V.1,Suthar Amitabh B.1

Affiliation:

1. COVID-19 Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA

2. US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, USA

3. Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA

Abstract

Early during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) leveraged an existing surveillance system infrastructure to monitor COVID-19 cases and deaths in the United States. Given the time needed to report individual-level (also called line-level) COVID-19 case and death data containing detailed information from individual case reports, CDC designed and implemented a new aggregate case surveillance system to inform emergency response decisions more efficiently, with timelier indicators of emerging areas of concern. We describe the processes implemented by CDC to operationalize this novel, multifaceted aggregate surveillance system for collecting COVID-19 case and death data to track the spread and impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at national, state, and county levels. We also review the processes established to acquire, process, and validate the aggregate number of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the United States at the county and jurisdiction levels during the pandemic. These processes include time-saving tools and strategies implemented to collect and validate authoritative COVID-19 case and death data from jurisdictions, such as web scraping to automate data collection and algorithms to identify and correct data anomalies. This topical review highlights the need to prepare for future emergencies, such as novel disease outbreaks, by having an event-agnostic aggregate surveillance system infrastructure in place to supplement line-level case reporting for near–real-time situational awareness and timely data.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

Reference43 articles.

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