Intimate Partner Violence and Human Trafficking Screening and Services in Primary Care Across Underserved Communities in the United States—Initial Examination of Trends, 2020-2021

Author:

Lin Sue C.1ORCID,Chang Kimberly S.G.2,Marjavi Anna3,Chon Katherine Y.4,Dichter Melissa E.56,DuBois Palardy Jessica6

Affiliation:

1. Bureau of Primary Health Care Office of Quality Improvement, Health Resources and Services Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA

2. Asian Health Services, Oakland, CA, USA

3. Futures Without Violence, San Francisco, CA, USA

4. Office of Trafficking in Persons, Administration for Children and Families, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA

5. Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA

6. Temple University School of Social Work, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Abstract

Objectives: The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) began collecting data on intimate partner violence (IPV) and human trafficking (HT) in the 2020 Uniform Data System (UDS). We examined patients affected by IPV and HT served by HRSA-funded health centers in medically underserved US communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We established a baseline and measured trends in patient care by analyzing data from the 2020 (N = 28 590 897) and 2021 (N = 30 193 278) UDS. We conducted longitudinal ordinal logistic regression analyses to assess the association of care trends and organization–level and patient characteristics using proportional odds ratios (PORs) and 95% CIs. Results: The number of clinical visits for patients affected by IPV and HT decreased by 29.4% and 88.3%, respectively, from 2020 to 2021. Health centers serving a higher (vs lower) percentage of pediatric patients were more likely to continuously serve patients affected by IPV (POR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.01-6.61) and HT (POR = 6.14; 95% CI, 2.06-18.29). Health centers serving (vs not serving) patients affected by IPV were associated with a higher percentage of patients who had limited English proficiency (POR = 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.05) and Medicaid beneficiaries (POR = 2.88; 95% CI, 1.48-5.62), whereas health centers serving (vs not serving) patients affected by HT were associated with a higher percentage of female patients of reproductive age (POR = 15.89; 95% CI, 1.61-157.38) and urban settings (POR = 1.74; 95% CI, 1.26-2.37). Conclusions: The number of clinical visits for patients affected by IPV and HT during the COVID-19 pandemic declined. Delayed care will pose challenges for future health care needs of these populations.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Reference54 articles.

1. Leemis RW, Friar N, Khatiwada S, et al. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: 2016/2017 Report on Intimate Partner Violence. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2022. Accessed July 6, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/nisvs/NISVSReportonIPV_2022.pdf

2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Intimate partner violence surveillance: uniform definitions and recommended data elements, version 2.0. 2015. Accessed July 6, 2022. https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/31292

3. Risk and Protective Factors for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Prospective–Longitudinal Studies

4. Intimate partner violence victimization and alcohol consumption in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis

5. A Systematic Review of Risk Factors for Intimate Partner Violence

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