Investigating the Robustness of the Illusory Truth Effect Across Individual Differences in Cognitive Ability, Need for Cognitive Closure, and Cognitive Style

Author:

De keersmaecker Jonas1,Dunning David2,Pennycook Gordon3ORCID,Rand David G.4,Sanchez Carmen5,Unkelbach Christian6,Roets Arne1

Affiliation:

1. Ghent University, Belgium

2. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

3. University of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada

4. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

5. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA

6. Universität zu Köln, Germany

Abstract

People are more inclined to believe that information is true if they have encountered it before. Little is known about whether this illusory truth effect is influenced by individual differences in cognition. In seven studies (combined N = 2,196), using both trivia statements (Studies 1-6) and partisan news headlines (Study 7), we investigate moderation by three factors that have been shown to play a critical role in epistemic processes: cognitive ability (Studies 1, 2, 5), need for cognitive closure (Study 1), and cognitive style, that is, reliance on intuitive versus analytic thinking (Studies 1, 3-7). All studies showed a significant illusory truth effect, but there was no evidence for moderation by any of the cognitive measures across studies. These results indicate that the illusory truth effect is robust to individual differences in cognitive ability, need for cognitive closure, and cognitive style.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Social Psychology

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