The Role of Gene Editing in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Author:

Fan Hueng-Chuen123,Chi Ching-Shiang1,Lee Yih-Jing4,Tsai Jeng-Dau56,Lin Shinn-Zong7,Harn Horng-Jyh8

Affiliation:

1. Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

2. Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

3. Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Miaoli, Taiwan

4. School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan

5. School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

6. Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

7. Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan

8. Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Department of Pathology, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), at least including Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s diseases, have become the most dreaded maladies because there are no precise diagnostic tools or definite treatments for these debilitating diseases. The increased prevalence and a substantial impact on the social–economic and medical care of NDs propel governments to develop policies to counteract the impact. Although the etiologies of NDs are still unknown, growing evidence suggests that genetic, cellular, and circuit alternations may cause the generation of abnormal misfolded proteins, which uncontrolledly accumulate to damage and eventually overwhelm the protein-disposal mechanisms of these neurons, leading to a common pathological feature of NDs. If the functions and the connectivity can be restored, alterations and accumulated damages may improve. The gene-editing tools including zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats–associated nucleases (CRISPR/CAS) have emerged as a novel tool not only for generating specific ND animal models for interrogating the mechanisms and screening potential drugs against NDs but also for the editing sequence-specific genes to help patients with NDs to regain function and connectivity. This review introduces the clinical manifestations of three distinct NDs and the applications of the gene-editing technology on these debilitating diseases.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Transplantation,Cell Biology,Biomedical Engineering

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