Psychological Distress, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Suicidal Ideation Among Resettled Nepali-Speaking Bhutanese Refugees in the United States: Rates and Predictors

Abstract

Introduction: Bhutanese refugees may exhibit psychological distress (PD), post-traumatic stress (PTS), and suicidal ideation (SI), but little is known about predictors of these mental health problems. Purpose: To examine rates and predictors of PD, PTS, and SI among Bhutanese refugees. Methods: Cross-sectional correlational study of 209 Bhutanese refugees in Midwestern United States. Data were collected using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist/Nepali version and Refugee Health Screener-15/PTS subscale and then analyzed using simultaneous multiple regression. Results: Rates of PD, PTS, and SI were 18.7%, 8.1%, and 7.7%, respectively. Significant predictors of PD were a history of mental health treatment ( p<.001) and fewer years of schooling ( p = .032). Predictors of PTS were history of mental health treatment ( p<.001), female gender ( p = .016), fewer years of schooling ( p = .012), and being single/previously married ( p = .004). PTS predicted SI (ρ<.001). Discussion: Health providers should routinely assess Bhutanese refugees’ mental health status for timely further assessment and treatment.