Impact of Pcbs On Thyroid Hormone Directed Brain Development

Author:

Porterfield Susan P.1,Hendry Lawrence B.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Physiology and Endocrinology Medical College of Georgia Augusta, Georgia

Abstract

Thyroid hormones regulate neuronal proliferation, migration, process outgrowth, synaptic development, and myelin formation in specific brain regions. Because brain development occurs during discrete windows of time, inappropriate levels of thyroid hormones in definitive periods can produce permanent damage, the nature of which depends upon the timing and magnitude of the insult. Thyroid hormones cross the placenta and enter the brain primarily as thyroxine (T4); therefore, conditions selectively lowering serum T4 levels alter brain hormone availability. Triiodothyronine (T3) is the predominant form of the hormone that binds to the receptor. T3 is produced from T4 in the brain by the enzyme type II, 5'-deiodinase. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic environmental toxicants that bear a striking structural resemblance to the active thyroid hormones and can, depending upon the species, dosage, and congener used, act as agonists, antagonists, and partial agonists to thyroid hormones.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Toxicology

Reference103 articles.

1. Evaluation and Characterization of the Hypothyroid hyt/hyt Mouse I: Somatic and Behavioral Studies

2. 3,4,3',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl given to mice prenatally produces long-term decreases in striatal dopamine and receptor binding sites in the caudate nucleus

3. Almazan, G., Honegger, P., and Matthieu, J.M. (1969). "Triiodothyronine stimulation of oligodendroglial differentiation and BWL." In: The Effect of Neonatal Thyroidectomy on Myelination in the Rat Brain (A.N. Davison , J.T. Eayrs, and D.A. Wilson, eds.). Brain Res. 15:219-232.

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