Differences in sensitivity of human lymphocytes and fish lymphocytes to polyvinyl chloride microplastic toxicity

Author:

Salimi Ahmad12ORCID,Alavehzadeh Ali3,Ramezani Maral3,Pourahmad Jalal3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran

2. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Iran

3. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics are emerging contaminants affecting biological wastewater treatment processes. So far, the toxicological investigation of PVC microplastics usually focused on the anaerobic and denitrifying bacteria. It seems that the primary lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood are more sensitive than most other organ cell types in vitro; therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the cytotoxicity of PVC microplastic on human and fish blood lymphocytes as a useful ex vivo model for accelerated human toxicity studies. Using biochemical analyses, we showed human lymphocytes are more sensitive to toxic effects of PVC microplastic than fish lymphocytes. Our result showed that addition of PVC microplastic at 24, 48, and 96 μ g/ml for 3 h to human blood lymphocytes induced cytotoxicity. The PVC microplastic-induced cytotoxicity on human blood lymphocytes was associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lysosomal membrane injury, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, depletion of glutathione, and lipid peroxidation. According to our results, PVC microplastic particles induce oxidative stress and organelle damage in human lymphocytes, while these significant alterations in toxicity parameters in PVC microplastic-treated fish lymphocytes were not observed. Finally, our findings suggest that human lymphocytes are more sensitive to PVC microplastic toxicity compared with fish lymphocytes.

Funder

Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Toxicology

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