Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Activities of Angelica shikokiana Extract and Its Isolated Compounds

Abstract

Angelica shikokiana is a Japanese medicinal plant that is used traditionally in several ailments of cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no report regarding its anticoagulant or antiplatelet activities. So this study was designed to screen for such activities (anticoagulant by prothrombin time [PT], activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin time assays and antiplatelet activities against adenosine 5′-diphosphate [ADP] and arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregations) for the methanol extract of the aerial part ( Angelica methanol extract [AME]), its isolated coumarins, flavonoids, and flavonoid metabolites. The AME had potent anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities, and the flavonoid compounds were evidenced to be responsible for such activities. Among coumarins compounds, hyuganin C showed significant prolongation of only PT, while other coumarins were inactive. Similarly, hyuganin C and bergapten were the only active coumarins against ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Compared to the parent compounds, colonic metabolites of the flavonoids had similar anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities, while glucuronides showed sharp decreases in all studied activities. This is the first report showing that the medicinal plant A shikokiana has potent antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities.