Efficacy and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Abstract

Current guidelines recommend the standard-of-care anticoagulation (vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular-weight heparin) in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Herein, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with the current standard of care in patients with CVT. We systematically searched the PubMed and Embase databases up to December 2023 to identify clinical trials on the effect of DOACs in patients with CVT. A Mantel-Haenszel fixed effects model was applied, and the effect measures were expressed as the absolute risk differences (RDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A total of 4 RCTs involving 270 participants were included. In the pooled analysis, DOACs and standard of care had low incidence rates of recurrent VTE and all-cause death, and similar rates of any recanalization (78.2% vs 83.2%; RD = −4%, 95%CI:−14% to 5%) and complete recanalization (60.9% vs 69.4%; RD = −7%, 95%CI:−24% to 10%). Compared with the standard of care, DOACs had non-significant reductions in the rates of major bleeding (1.2% vs 2.4%; RD = −1%, 95%CI: −6% to 3%), intracranial hemorrhage (1.9% vs 3.6%; RD = −2%, 95%CI:−7% to 3%), clinically relevant non-major bleeding (3.8% vs 7.4%; RD = −4%, 95%CI:−9% to 2%), and any bleeding (17.3% vs 21.4%; RD = −4%, 95%CI:−16% to 8%) in patients with CVT. DOACs and standard of care showed similar efficacy and safety profiles for the treatment of CVT. DOACs might be safe and a convenient alternative to vitamin K antagonists for thromboprophylaxis in patients with CVT.