The Interaction Between Optimism and Pessimism Predicted the Perceived Risk of Infection During the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study

Author:

Simione Luca1ORCID,Gnagnarella Camilla2,Spina Giulia3,Bersani Giuseppe4

Affiliation:

1. Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie della Cognizione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy

2. Dipartimento di Neuroscienze Umane, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy

3. Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy

4. Dipartimento di Scienze e Biotecnologie Medico-chirurgiche, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, Rome, Italy

Abstract

In this study, we examined the relationship between optimism and pessimism associated with the Covid-19 pandemic, mental health, and perceived risk of infection. In particular, we tested the hypothesis that, when optimism and pessimism were high during the pandemic period, a worse mental health and a higher perception of risk would be reported. To this end, a convenience sample of 374 Italian adults was enrolled. Measures included perceived stress, optimism, and pessimism associated with the development of the pandemic situation, as well as the perceived risk of Covid-19 infection. The results showed that optimism and pessimism were associated with perceived stress and Covid-19 risk perception while controlling for demographic variables. Optimism and stress were negatively related, while pessimism was positively related to both stress and risk perception. Furthermore, the interaction between optimism and optimism was significant, with a higher perception of risk in the presence of both high optimism and pessimism, and a lower perception of risk with high optimism and low pessimism. These results support the hypothesis that optimism and pessimism interacted in predicting Covid-19 risk perception and show that they should be measured as partially correlated but independent constructs in future investigations.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Psychology

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