A therapeutic songwriting intervention to promote reconstruction of self-concept and enhance well-being following brain or spinal cord injury: pilot randomized controlled trial

Author:

Baker Felicity A12ORCID,Tamplin Jeanette1,Rickard Nikki3,Ponsford Jennie3,New Peter W4567,Lee Young-Eun C1

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Fine Arts and Music, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

2. Norwegian Academy of Music, Oslo, Norway

3. Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

4. Spinal Rehabilitation Service, Caulfield Hospital, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

5. Rehabilitation and Aged Services, Medicine Program, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

6. Epworth-Monash Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

7. Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Abstract

Objective: To determine the size of the effects and feasibility (recruitment and retention rates) of a therapeutic songwriting protocol for in-patients and community-dwelling people with acquired brain injury or spinal cord injury. Design: Randomized controlled trial with songwriting intervention and care-as-usual control groups, in a mixed measures design assessed at three time points. Participants: A total of 47 participants (3 in-patients with acquired brain injury, 20 community participants with acquired brain injury, 12 in-patients with spinal cord injury, and 12 community participants with spinal cord injury: 23 1208 days post injury). Interventions: The intervention group received a 12-session identity-targeted songwriting programme, where participants created three songs reflecting on perceptions of past, present, and future self. Control participants received care as usual. Measures: Baseline, postintervention, and follow-up measures comprised the Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale (primary outcome measure), Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and Satisfaction with Life Scale. Results: No significant between group pre–post intervention differences were found on the primary self-concept measure, the Head Injury Semantic Differential Scale ( p = 0.38, d = 0.44). Significant and large effect sizes from baseline to post between groups in favour of the songwriting group for Satisfaction with Life ( p = 0.04, n2 p = 0.14). There were no significant between group pre-post interaction effects for the Emotion Regulation Suppression subscale ( p = 0.12, n2 p = –0.08) although scores decreased in the songwriting group over time while increasing for the standard care group. There were no significant differences in baseline to follow-up between groups in any other outcome measures. Recruitment was challenging due to the small number of people eligible to participate combined with poor uptake by eligible participants, particularly the in-patient group. Retention rates were higher for the community-dwelling cohorts. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the challenges in recruitment and retention of participants invited to participate in a music therapy study. Findings suggest this identity-focused therapeutic songwriting protocols may be more beneficial for people who have transitioned from in-patient to community-contexts given the greater proportion of participants who consent and complete the intervention. Preliminary effects in favour of the intervention group were detected in a range of well-being measures suggesting that a larger study is warranted.

Funder

Australia Research Council

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Rehabilitation,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation

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