An Unusual Case of Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma Mimicking Abdominal Cocoon Syndrome in an Adolescent Patient

Abstract

Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is an indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma rarely seen in pediatric patients. MALT lymphoma most commonly involves the gastrointestinal tract or peri-orbital tissues, potentially as sequela of chronic antigenic stimulation or immune dysregulation. Rare cases of MALT lymphoma arising from the gynecologic tract have been reported in older adult patients. We present the unique case of a 16-year-old postpubescent female with MALT lymphoma localized to the gynecologic tract, who initially presented with abdominal fullness, abnormal uterine bleeding, and obstructive acute kidney injury secondary to urinary outflow obstruction. Intraoperatively, dense fibrosis of the uterus and left fallopian tube was noted which mimicked abdominal cocoon syndrome. She was treated with 6 cycles of bendamustine and rituximab with complete anatomic and metabolic remission. In this report we highlight a very unusual presentation of a rare malignancy in the pediatric population as well as unique treatment considerations given this patient’s young age and tumor location.