From Maltreatment to Psychiatric Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence: The Relevance of Emotional Maltreatment

Author:

Schlensog-Schuster Franziska1ORCID,Keil Jan12ORCID,Von Klitzing Kai1,Gniewosz Gabriela3,Schulz Charlotte C.14,Schlesier-Michel Andrea15,Mayer Steffi6,Stadelmann Stephanie12,Döhnert Mirko12,Klein Annette M.17,Sierau Susan1,Manly Jody T.8,Sheridan Margaret A.9,White Lars O.1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

2. LIFE – Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

3. Department of Educational Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria

4. Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany

5. Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany

6. Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

7. International Psychoanalytic University Berlin, Leipzig, Germany

8. Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, New York, NY, USA

9. Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

Abstract

Different forms of maltreatment are thought to incur a cumulative and non-specific toll on mental health. However, few large-scale studies draw on psychiatric diagnoses manifesting in early childhood and adolescence to identify sequelae of differential maltreatment exposures, and emotional maltreatment, in particular. Fine-grained multi-source dimensional maltreatment assessments and validated age-appropriate clinical interviews were conducted in a sample of N = 778 3 to 16-year-olds. We aimed to (a) substantiate known patterns of clinical outcomes following maltreatment and (b) analyse relative effects of emotional maltreatment, abuse (physical and sexual), and neglect (physical, supervisory, and moral-legal/educational) using structural equation modeling. Besides confirming known relationships between maltreatment exposures and psychiatric disorders, emotional maltreatment exerted particularly strong effects on internalizing disorders in older youth and externalizing disorders in younger children, accounting for variance over and above abuse and neglect exposures. Our data highlight the toxicity of pathogenic relational experiences from early childhood onwards, urging researchers and practitioners alike to prioritize future work on emotional maltreatment.

Funder

German Federal Ministry of Education and Research

European Regional Development Fund

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Developmental and Educational Psychology,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

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