Computing Components of Everyday Stress Responses: Exploring Conceptual Challenges and New Opportunities

Author:

Smyth Joshua M.1ORCID,Zawadzki Matthew J.2ORCID,Marcusson-Clavertz David3ORCID,Scott Stacey B.4ORCID,Johnson Jillian A.1ORCID,Kim Jinhyuk5ORCID,Toledo Meynard J.1ORCID,Stawski Robert S.6ORCID,Sliwinski Martin J.7,Almeida David M.7

Affiliation:

1. Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University

2. Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced

3. Department of Psychology, Linnaeus University

4. Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University

5. Department of Informatics, Shizuoka University

6. Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, Oregon State University

7. Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University

Abstract

Repeated assessments in everyday life enables collecting ecologically valid data on dynamic, within-persons processes. These methods have widespread utility and application and have been extensively used for the study of stressors and stress responses. Enhanced conceptual sophistication of characterizing intraindividual stress responses in everyday life would help advance the field. This article provides a pragmatic overview of approaches, opportunities, and challenges when intensive ambulatory methods are applied to study everyday stress responses in “real time.” We distinguish between three stress-response components (i.e., reactivity, recovery, and pileup) and focus on several fundamental questions: (a) What is the appropriate stress-free resting state (or “baseline”) for an individual in everyday life? (b) How does one index the magnitude of the initial response to a stressor (reactivity)? (c) Following a stressor, how can recovery be identified (e.g., when the stress response has completed)? and (d) Because stressors may not occur in isolation, how can one capture the temporal clustering of stressors and/or stress responses (pileup)? We also present initial ideas on applying this approach to intervention research. Although we focus on stress responses, these issues may inform many other dynamic intraindividual constructs and behaviors (e.g., physical activity, physiological processes, other subjective states) captured in ambulatory assessment.

Funder

National Institute on Aging

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Psychology

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