Rheological and barrier properties of nanocomposites of HDPE and exfoliated montmorillonite

Abstract

Polyethylene (PE)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing using PE grafted with maleic anhydride (PEg) as compatibilizer. Concentrations between 2 and 15 wt% of an organophilic montmorillonite (MMT) and concentration ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 of PEg/MMT were employed. The materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetry. The SEM images show that the presence of PEg results in a large degree of exfoliation at all clay concentrations. For 5 wt% MMT, the best degree of exfoliation is obtained for a 2:1 ratio of PEg/MMT. This ratio results in higher increase in the elastic modulus, mainly at low frequencies, with respect to that of the corresponding matrix. As the clay concentration increases, for a 2:1 ratio of PEg/MMT, the dynamic moduli increase showing pseudo solid-like behavior at clay concentrations higher than 8 wt%. Moreover, the nanocomposites show rheological properties that are affected by annealing at 200°C signaling further exfoliation or improved platelet and tactoid distributions. The oxygen permeability of PE decreases gradually with the clay concentration, reaching a maximum reduction of ∼30% for 15 wt% MMT.