The Relationship Between Autonomic Dysfunction and Mood Symptoms in De Novo Parkinson’s Disease Patients Over Time

Abstract

Background Autonomic dysfunction is prevalent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and can worsen quality of life. We examined: (a) whether specific autonomic symptoms were more strongly associated with anxiety or depression in PD and (b) whether overall autonomic dysfunction predicted mood trajectories over a 5-year period. Methods Newly diagnosed individuals with PD ( N = 414) from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative completed self-report measures of depression, anxiety, and autonomic symptoms annually. Cross-sectional linear regressions examined relationships between specific autonomic subdomains (gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, etc.) and mood. Multilevel modeling examined longitudinal relationships with total autonomic load. Results Gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with both higher anxiety ( b = 1.04, 95% CI [.55, 1.53], P < .001) and depression ( b = .24, 95% CI [.11, .37], P = .012), as were thermoregulatory symptoms (anxiety: b = 1.06, 95% CI [.46, 1.65], P = .004; depression: b = .25, 95% CI [.09, .42], P = .013), while cardiovascular ( b = .36, 95% CI [.10, .62], P = .012) and urinary symptoms ( b = .10, 95% CI [.01, .20], P = .037) were associated only with depression. Longitudinally, higher total autonomic load was associated with increases in both depression ( b = .01, 95% CI [.00, .02], P = .015) and anxiety ( b = .04, 95% CI [.01, .06], P < .001) over time, as well as occasion-to-occasion fluctuations (depression: b = .08, 95% CI [.05, .10], P < .001; anxiety: b = .24, 95% CI [.15, .32], P < .001). Conclusion Findings suggest autonomic dysfunction, particularly gastrointestinal and thermoregulatory symptoms, may be an indicator for elevated anxiety/depression and a potential treatment target early on in PD.