Pyridostigmine for the Management of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension: A Systemic Review

Abstract

Background Pyridostigmine is hypothesized to improve neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) symptoms without causing or exacerbating supine hypertension. The objective of this review was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of pyridostigmine for management of nOH. Methods A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL was performed in December 2023 for prospective trials with a placebo or active comparator. Results Four randomized and two non-randomized studies were reviewed. Three studies utilizing a single dose, crossover design found significant differences of orthostatics using adjunctive pyridostigmine. Two studies assessing longer-term endpoints demonstrated conflicting efficacy of pyridostigmine with one trial finding significant improvement in orthostatics and symptoms after three months of therapy. Use of pyridostigmine did not lead to supine hypertension with most adverse effects being cholinergic. Conclusion Pyridostigmine may be considered as an adjunctive medication in individuals with nOH refractory to standard treatment options as it carries a favorable safety profile with low risk for supine hypertension.