Psychosocial and Cognitive Performance Correlates of Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Help-Seeking Versus Non-Help-Seeking Community-Dwelling Adults

Abstract

The clinical use of subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) has been questioned, especially when considering the influence of depression. Further problems describe the registration of SCCs with a focus on memory and different sample selections, with only few studies that directly compare those who seek help because of SCCs and community-dwelling adults. The present study aimed to (1) evaluate differences in psychosocial variables in help-seeking adults and community-dwelling adults with a lower level of complaints and (2) to further explore the relationship between SCCs and cognitive performance in help-seekers. Fifty-five help-seeking adults (HS) were compared to 55 age-, sex-, and education-matched non-help-seeking adults (NHS). Multiple regression analyses revealed that depressive symptoms were linked to experiencing more SCCs mainly in NHS. Altogether, less variance was explained by psychosocial variables in HS, whereas adding cognitive variables—especially divided attention performance—led to a substantial increase in explained variance. Mediation analysis further revealed a possible mediation of depressive symptoms on SCC by divided attention performance. Taken together, our results underpin the importance of assessing SCCs comprehensively to detect a functional relationship between cognitive performance and complaints, especially in HS. In this group, it is likely that depression precedes problems in divided attention, which in turn lead to SCC. Therefore, future studies should further investigate the link between SCC and cognitive functions which rely on more cognitive resources, as these might be first to be affected by cognitive decline.