Weight discordant siblings’ ability to reduce energy intake at a meal as compensation for prior energy intake from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs)

Abstract

Background: Insufficient compensation for energy from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumed prior to meals may promote greater overall energy intake. If so, ability to compensate for prior energy intake may account for difference in adiposity between adolescents with and without overweight. Studies of fraternal siblings discordant for weight status control for some genetic and shared within-family factors, which allows for testing how putative non-shared factors, such as parental control of feeding, predicts sibling weight differences. Aim: To determine whether same-sex weight-discordant (one with, one without overweight) adolescent siblings differ in ability to compensate for prior energy intake. Methods: Same-sex biological sibling pairs (mean age = 15.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1, 15.7) ( n = 38 pairs; 21 male pairs) consumed a sugar-sweetened (450 kcal) or a non-nutritive-sweetened (10 kcal) liquid preload of equal volumes on separate days, followed by an ad libitum lunch. Multilevel models examined ability to compensate, dietary restraint, and parental control of child’s feeding. Results: Siblings showed insufficient compensation and overate (with overweight = 44 kcal; without overweight = 32 kcal). Siblings shared little within-family similarity in compensation (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.20). Compensation was predicted by parental restriction and general restriction ( p = 0.02) Differences in siblings’ BMI z-scores were associated with differences in dietary restraint ( p = 0.04) not with differences in compensation. Conclusion: Sibling differences in compensation for energy from sweetened beverages were not associated with differences in their adiposity. Compensation may be determined by a constellation of factors, including age, parental feeding practices, and food characteristics.