Outcomes of mechanical thrombectomy at a single-centre tertiary level public healthcare hospital in South Africa

Abstract

Introduction Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is standard of care for acute ischaemic stroke from large vessel occlusion following randomised controlled trials performed largely in high-income countries. Limited data exists on its effectiveness in the setting of low-and-middle-income countries. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of MT in a tertiary level public hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Methods Patients with acute ischaemic stroke presenting consecutively to Groote Schuur Hospital between 1 January 2018 to 1 January 2022 with proximal intracranial occlusion in the anterior circulation treated with MT within 6 h from onset using computed tomography (CT) and CT angiography imaging-based protocols were evaluated. Demographic, clinical, radiological and procedural data were obtained from the stroke unit database. Recanalisation was evaluated post-procedure by modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction score (mTICI). Functional independence (modified Rankin scores 0–2) and mortality at 90 days were also assessed. Results Thrombectomies were performed in 84 patients during the study period. The median age was 56 years (interquartile range, IQR) and 51% of participants were female. Median National Institute of Health Stroke Score was 18 and median baseline Alberta Stroke Programme Early CT score was 8. Bridging thrombolysis was given to 65% of participants. Median time from symptom onset to reperfusion was 339 min (IQR). Successful recanalisation (mTICI 2b/3) was obtained in 62%. At 90 days, 34% of participants gained functional independence and mortality was 34%. Conclusion This study demonstrated similar rates of recanalisation and functional independence to that seen in trials in high-income countries using basic imaging despite a higher mortality and longer median time to reperfusion. This data supports the effectiveness of MT in a tertiary level public hospital in South Africa despite the challenges of providing emergent stroke care in a resource-constrained setting.