Validation of a model for outcome prediction after endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke

Abstract

Introduction The recently developed MR-PREDICTS@24 h model showed excellent performance in the MR-CLEAN Registry cohort in patients presenting within 12 h from onset. However, its applicability to an U.S. population and to patients presenting beyond 12 h from last known normal are still undetermined. We aim to externally validate the MR-PREDICTS@24 h model in a new geographic setting and in the late window. Methods In this retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database from a comprehensive stroke center in the United States, we included patients with intracranial carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 or M2 segment occlusions who underwent endovascular therapy and applied the MR-PREDICTS@24 h formula to estimate the probabilities of functional outcome at day 90. The primary endpoint was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days. Results We included 1246 patients, 879 in the early (<12 h) and 367 in the late (≥12 h) cohort. For both cohorts, calibration and discrimination of the model were accurate throughout mRS levels, with absolute differences between estimated and predicted proportions ranging from 1% to 5%. Calibration metrics and curve inspections showed good performance for estimating the probabilities of mRS ≤ 1 to mRS ≤ 5 for the early cohort. For the late cohort, predictions were reliable for the probabilities of mRS ≤ 1 to mRS ≤ 4. Conclusion The MR-PREDICTS@24 h was transferrable to a real-world U.S.-based cohort in the early window and showed consistently accurate predictions for patients presenting in the late window without need for updating.