Middle meningeal artery embolization for the treatment of unilateral large chronic subdural hematoma patients with significant midline shift: A single-center experience

Abstract

Background The amount of midline shift (MLS) considered safe for middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) in patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has not been established. Whether MMAE could be used as upfront treatment for unilateral large CSDH patients with significant MLS (>1 cm) has not been reported. Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of MMAE in unilateral large CSDH patients with MLS > 1 cm. Methods Eleven carefully selected CSDH patients with mild or moderate symptoms and significant MLS > 1 cm from 1 May 2021 to 31 August 2022 were included in the study. All patients were treated with MMAE using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. Outcomes were assessed clinically and with interval imaging studies at follow-up. Results All 19 MMAs (unilateral embolization in three patients and bilateral embolization in eight patients) were successfully embolized. All 11 patients were followed for subsequent months, and there was no recurrence and enlargement of CSDH. Procedural adverse events, mortality, or complications were not observed. The average time to achieve a 50% reduction in MLS was approximately four weeks, while it took approximately eight weeks to achieve a 50% reduction in maximal volume. All 11 patients showed improvement in their neurological symptoms at three days post-operation, including four hemiplegic patients. Conclusions MMAE may demonstrate safety in carefully selected CSDH patients with significant midline shift (MLS > 1 cm), particularly in those who are not suitable for surgery, thus providing a potential alternative approach.