Simple coiling of middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: An inverse probability of treatment weighting matched cohort study

Abstract

Background Middle meningeal artery embolization (MMAE) for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) has gained much attention in recent years. However, unintended embolization may occur when employing liquid embolic agents or particles. We present our clinical experience in simple coiling of MMAE to manage CSDH. Methods Patients underwent either surgical evacuation or MMAE with simple coiling for CSDH were reviewed. Clinical and radiographic outcomes were assessed at admission, 1-month, and 6-month intervals. Two treatment groups were matched with inverse probability of treatment weighting. Results One hundred twelve patients were included, with 27 patients in MMAE group and 87 patients in surgery group. In MMAE group, significant reductions were observed in hematoma width (admission vs. 1-month, 2.04 [1.44–2.60] cm vs. 0.62 [0.37–0.95] cm, p < 0.001). The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of surgical rescue rate (0.77 95%CI 0.13–4.47, p = 0.77), hematoma reduction (>50%) (0.21 95%CI 0.04–1.07, p = 0.06), and midline shift improvement rate (3.22, 95%CI 0.84–12.4, p = 0.09) had no substantial disparities between two groups at 1-month follow-up. In addition, no significant difference was noted between two groups in terms of hematoma reduction (>50%) at 6-month follow-up (aOR 1.09 95%CI 0.32–3.70, p = 0.89). No procedure-related complications were found in MMA embolization group. Conclusion Simple coiling for MMA had comparable outcomes with surgical evacuation for CSDH. Our findings suggest that simple coiling can be an alternative choice for liquid agents or particles in MMA embolization for CSDH with acceptable safety.