Inter- and intraobserver agreement in detection of testicular microlithiasis with ultrasonography

Abstract

Background Ultrasonography of the testis is a well-established diagnostic tool in detection of testicular microlithiasis (TML). Operator-dependent diagnostic variation related to skill, knowledge, and operator consistency are factors that influence detection of TML. Purpose To determine inter- and intraobserver agreement for detection of TML using ultrasonography for a group of physicians with no or limited experience compared to a group of experience senior radiologists. Material and Methods Between May and September 2014 a total of six observers evaluated 34 patients scrotal ultrasonography recorded from September to December 2013. The observers were blinded to patient history and previous ultrasonography. Three of the observers had no or limited experience with detection of TML, and three of the observers had more than 15 years of experience. Each observer reviewed all the scrotal ultrasonography recordings twice with a time interval of 3 months. Results The inter-observer agreement showed substantial agreement and up to almost perfect agreement (κ = 0.86). Both the experienced and less experienced observers had a higher agreement in detecting and grading TML in their second reading. Conclusion The ultrasonography grading system of TML in this study showed to be reproducible, with an inter- and intraobserver agreement ranging between substantial agreement and up to almost perfect agreement with many years of experience not necessarily being essential.