Application of indocyanine green lymphography combined with methylene blue staining in lymphaticovenular anastomosis of lower limb vessels: A prospective study

Abstract

Background Methylene blue (MB) is a conventional lymphatic tracer. We evaluated the application of indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography combined with MB staining in lower limb lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA). Methods A total of 49 patients with lower limb lymphedema were selected as the study subjects and divided into the research ( n = 27) and control groups ( n = 22). The patients were treated with LVA using ICG lymphography combined with MB staining and simple ICG lymphography as the positioning method, respectively. The number of lymphatic vessels anastomosed and the operating time were compared between the groups. Lower Extremity Lymphedema Index (LEL index) and Lymphoedema Functioning, Disability and Health Questionnaire for Lower Limb Lymphoedema (Lymph-ICF-LL) were used as prognostic indices; 6 months after LVA, both groups were evaluated for the symptomatic relief of lymphedema. Results The number of anastomotic lymphatic vessels in the study group was higher than that in the control group ( p < .05), and their procedural time was shorter than that in the control group. The two groups had no significant difference in lymphatic anastomosis time ( p > .05). The LEL index and Lymph-ICF-LL of the research and control groups at 6-month follow-up after LVA were lower than those before the operation ( p < .05). Conclusion The circumference of the affected limb is reduced after LVA in patients with lower extremity lymphedema with a favorable prognosis. ICG lymphography combined with MB staining has the advantages of real-time visualization and accurate localization.