Applying the theory of human development by Erik and Joan Erikson when communicating with persons with advanced dementia diseases

Abstract

Persons with advanced dementia disease (ADD), here labelled PADDs, are shown to preserve parts of their self, which has opened up possibilities for involving them in their own care and establishing strategies for improving their communication with the surrounding world. Using the well-known theory of human development proposed by Erik and Joan Erikson, here labelled EJET, can operate as an efficient structure for formal caregivers to support PADDs in reclaiming their space. However, very few studies have used EJET as a framework in improving formal caregivers’ competence and the quality of care. This article aims to demonstrate the feasibility of applying EJET in the care of PADDs through two examples of successful application of this framework in interacting with PADDs in residential care settings. The examples demonstrate the significance of competent caregivers and the important role of tailoring nursing care plans to specific situations of the PADDs in their present and previous developmental phases.