How staff act and what they experience in relation to the autonomy of older adults with physical impairments living in nursing homes

Abstract

Autonomy is important for people, even when they have physical impairments and are living in nursing homes. The way staff respond to residents is important for the realisation of autonomy. In order to gain knowledge about what nursing home staff, registered and assistant nurses, occupational therapists and nutritional assistants do and experience in relation to the autonomy of residents, a qualitative study design was chosen. Shadowing, a non-participatory observation method, was used. A total of 15 staff members of a care unit from two different nursing homes participated. Short interviews followed these observations to reflect on intentions of observed activities. The COREQ guidelines were used to report on the study. Four activities to enhance autonomy were identified: getting to know each older adult as a person and responding to his/her needs; encouraging an older adult to perform self-care; stimulating an older adult to make choices; and being aware of interactions. The exploration showed that staff considered it important to strengthen autonomy of older adults living in nursing homes and that they used different activities related to autonomy. However, activities could both enhance as well as hinder autonomy.