Unintended pregnancy and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Introduction: The term ‘unintended pregnancy’ refers to a pregnancy that occurred when no children were desired or occurred earlier than desired. Unintended births account for one out of every three births in Ethiopia, and they are the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this could be useful. COVID-19 has a significant impact on maternal health care utilization, including family planning services. As a result, this study aimed to assess unintended pregnancy and associated factors in Ethiopia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Gedeo zone, Ethiopia, from April 1 to May 30, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was utilized to get 383 pregnant women from their respective kebeles. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data during a face-to-face interview. The data were coded, cleaned, and entered into Epidemiological Data Version 3.1 before being exported to the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 23.0 for analysis. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify statistically significant associations between dependent and independent variables. The odds ratio, with a 95% confidence interval and a P value of 0.05%, was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 383 pregnant women participated in the study, giving a response rate of 90.8%. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 140 (36.6%) participants stated that their current pregnancy was unintended. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with respondents’ age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.214 (1.449–18.762)), primary decision maker for family planning services (AOR = 9.510 (5.057–17.887)), and fear of COVID-19 to visit a health care facility (AOR = 7.061 (2.665–18.710)). Conclusion: During the COVID-19 era, more than one-third of women had unintended pregnancies. Unintended pregnancy was significantly associated with respondents’ age, autonomy to use contraceptive methods, and fear of COVID-19, which required them to attend a health care institution.