Nebulized Vasopressin for the Control of Hematemesis and Hemoptysis in a Child With Recurrent, Refractory Stage III Burkitt Lymphoma

Abstract

Background: Bleeding occurs with some regularity at the end of life. Patients often endure fatigue, weakness, pain, dyspnea and anxiety. These symptoms are magnified in visually apparent bleeds. Management can be particularly challenging as we attempt to balance therapies with goals of care. Children are at risk for such complications and symptoms; providers must ensure comfort for both the patient and family. Case Description: A 7-year-old male with recurrent, refractory Burkitt lymphoma was frequently hospitalized for palliative chemotherapy and disease complications. On his final admission, he experienced gross hemoptysis and hematemesis: he was short of breath, fatigued and anxious due to his blood loss. His and his family’s angst were heightened by “seeing” his bleed. Potential, especially invasive, treatments were limited by our goals to promote comfort, limit interventions, maintain alertness, poor intravenous access and a small bowel obstruction. Nebulized vasopressin, 10 units in 4ml of normal saline given over 10 minutes provided JC with needed relief. His bleeding remitted and he tolerated its administration. Conclusion: There are many treatments for hemorrhage; however, given the challenges of goals of care, administration, side-effects and tolerability, further investigation into nebulized vasopressin as a potential therapy for hemoptysis and hematemesis at the end-of-life is warranted.