1. The Negroes of Cincinnati Prior to the Civil War
2. Melville J. Herskovits, Myth of the Negro Past ( New York, 1941), 6. The civil rights movement, the emergence of social history, and the profession's insistence on revisionist histories, especially in the area of slavery, led to a proliferation of ground-breaking Black urban history studies on colonial/antebellum slaves, free Blacks, and African American communities following the Civil War. For a look at recent slavery studies and the evolution of the scholarship with respects to Black urban history, see Peter H. Wood, “`I Did the Best I Could for My Day': The Study of Early Black History during the Second Reconstruction, 1960-1976,” William and Mary Quarterly 35 (January 1978): 166-99; Paul Finkelman, Encyclopedia of Slavery (Upper Saddle, New Jersey , 1997); Paul Finkelman, Slavery and Historiography: Articles on American Slavery (New York 1990); William D. Piersen, Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England (Amherst, 1988); Francis G. Couvares et al., ed. Interpretations of American History: Patterns and Perspectives, V. 1, 7th ed. (New York, 2000); Sylvia Frey, Water from the Rock: Black Resistance in a Revolutionary Age (New Jersey, 1991 ); Shane White , Somewhat More Independent: The End of Slavery in New York, 1770-1810 (Athens, 1991 ); Michael Mullin , Africa in America: Slave Acculturation and Resistance in the American South and the British Caribbean, 1736-1831 ( Urbana, 1992); David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in the Age of Revolution, 1770-1823 (Ithaca , 1975); Donald R. Wright, African Americans in the Early Republic, 1789-1831 (Arlington Heights, Illinois , 1993); Leslie M. Harris, African Americans in New York City, 1626-1863 (Chicago, 2003); Richard C. Wade, Slavery in the Cities: The South, 1820-1860 (New York, 1964); Leon Litwack, North of Slavery: the Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860 (Chicago, 1961); Nell Irvin Painter, Sojourner Truth: A Life, A Symbol (New York, 1996); Betty Fladeland, Abolitionists and Working Class Problems in the Age of Industrialization ( Baton Rouge, 1984); Ira Berlin, Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South (New York , 1974). Daniel E. Walker, No More, No More: Slavery and Cultural Resistance in Havana and New Orleans ( Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004).