1. Department of Hotel Management, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Management Theories, Faculty of Management Science and Informatics, University of Žilina, Žilina, Slovakia
2. Department of Marketing and Market Research, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
3. Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism, Lincoln University College, Malaysia
4. Department of Hotel Management, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt