Neighborhood Disorder, Psychophysiological Distress, and Health

Author:

Hill Terrence D.1,Ross Catherine E.2,Angel Ronald J.3

Affiliation:

1. Terrence D. Hill is a doctoral student in the Department of Sociology at the University of Texas at Austin. His current research interests include the effects of socioeconomic status, neighborhoods, and religious involvement on mental and physical health, health behaviors, and mortality.

2. Catherine E. Ross is a professor in the Department of Sociology and the Population Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin. She studies the effects of socioeconomic status, work, family, and neighborhoods on men's and women's physical and mental health, and their sense of control versus powerlessness. Her recent publications appear in Milbank Quarterly, Journal of Health and Social Behavior, and American Sociological Review. With John Mirowsky, she published two books in 2003: Social Causes...

3. Ronald J. Angel is a professor of sociology at the University of Texas at Austin. His research focuses on the role of culture and social class on health and health care use. He is a former editor of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. In collaboration with colleagues at the medical schools at Galveston and San Antonio, he is principal investigator of the Austin site on a benchmark study of the health of elderly Mexican Americans in the southwestern United States. He is also a principal...

Abstract

How do neighborhoods affect the health of residents? We propose that the impact of neighborhood disorder on self-reported health is mediated by psychological and physiological distress. We hypothesize a stress process in which chronic stressors in the environment give rise to a psychological and physiological stress response that ultimately affects health. The exogenous variable of interest is the neighborhood where disadvantaged persons live, which may expose them to chronic stressors in the form of crime, trouble, harassment, and other potentially distressing signs of disorder and decay. The mediator is the stress response that occurs in the body and brain. Of interest here is a psychological stress response in the form of fearful anxiety and depression, and a physiological stress response in the form of signs and symptoms of autonomic arousal, such as dizziness, chest pains, trouble breathing, nausea, upset stomach, and weakness. The outcome is poor health. This model is supported using data from the Welfare, Children, and Families project, a sample of 2,402 disadvantaged women in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Chicago, Boston, and San Antonio.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Social Psychology

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