Stress, Life Events, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Health: Results from the Americans' Changing Lives Study

Author:

Lantz Paula M.1,House James S.2,Mero Richard P.3,Williams David R.4

Affiliation:

1. Paula M. Lantz is associate professor and chair of health management and policy in the School of Public Health and research associate professor in the Survey Research Center in the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. Her research interests are in socioeconomic and gender disparities in mortality and health status across the life course and in public health policy analyses.

2. James S. House is research professor and former director of the Survey Research Center in the Institute for Social Research and professor of sociology at the University of Michigan. His current research focuses on the role of psychosocial factors in understanding and explaining social inequalities in health and the way health changes with age.

3. Richard P. Mero is a research associate in the Survey Research Center in the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan, where he provides data management and analytic support to the Americans' Changing Lives study and the Chicago Mind-Body study.

4. David R. Williams is Harold W. Cruse Collegiate Professor of Sociology and research professor in the Survey Research Center in the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan. He is centrally interested in the determinants of socioeconomic and racial differences in physical and mental health. He is currently involved in projects examining discrimination and health, religious involvement and health, and the social distribution of psychiatric disorders in the United States and South Africa.

Abstract

It has been hypothesized that exposure to stress and negative life events is related to poor health outcomes, and that differential exposure to stress plays a role in socioeconomic disparities in health. Data from three waves of the Americans' Changing Lives study (n = 3,617) were analyzed to investigate prospectively the relationship among socioeconomic indicators, five measures of stress/negative life events, and the health outcomes of mortality, functional limitations, and self-rated health. The results revealed that (1) life events and other types of stressors are clearly related to socioeconomic position; (2) a count of negative lifetime events was positively associated with mortality; (3) a higher score on a financial stress scale was predictive of severe/moderate functional limitations and fair/poor self-rated health at wave 3; and (4) a higher score on a parental stress scale was predictive of fair/poor self-rated health at wave 3. The negative effects of low income on functional limitations attenuated to insignificance when waves 1 and 2 stress/life event measures were controlled for, but other socioeconomic disparities in health change remained sizable and significant when adjusted for exposure to stressors. The results support the hypothesis that differential exposure to stress and negative life events is one of many ways in which socioeconomic inequalities in health are produced in society.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Social Psychology

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