Pathways to Adult Marijuana and Cocaine Use: A Prospective Study of African Americans from Age 6 to 42

Author:

Fothergill Kate E.1,Ensminger Margaret E.2,Green Kerry M.3,Robertson Judith A.4,Juon Hee Soon5

Affiliation:

1. Kate Fothergill is an Assistant Scientist in the Department of Health, Behavior, and Society at the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University. Her research with the Woodlawn Project focuses on the influence of individual, social, and environmental factors over the life course on risk behaviors, including drug use and crime, and their influence on health.

2. Margaret Ensminger is Professor of Health, Behavior, and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University. Her research focuses on the developmental course to health and well-being across the life course, especially among disadvantaged populations. Her current work, supported by the National Institute of Drug Abuse, examines the interrelated trajectories of drug use and crime within the Woodlawn Longitudinal Study.

3. Kerry M. Green is Assistant Professor of Public and Community Health at the University of Maryland School of Public Health in College Park. Her research focuses on development over the life course, and in particular how early family, school, and environmental influences, as well as behaviors (e.g., substance use), affect later health and well-being. She is particularly interested in gender and racial differences in development. Much of her research has been a longitudinal study of low-income, urban...

4. Judith A. Robertson is a Research Associate in the Department of Health, Behavior and Society at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. As data manager and analyst for the Woodlawn Project, she participates in studies of life course factors relating to alcohol and drug use disorders, physical and mental health problems, criminal behavior, and issues associated with aging.

5. Hee Soon Juon is an Associate Professor of Health, Behavior, and Society at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Her research focuses on substance abuse, criminal behavior, and mental health among minority populations. She is particularly interested in trajectories of substance use in the Woodlawn Project.

Abstract

This study examines pathways to adult marijuana and cocaine use in a cohort of African Americans from Woodlawn, an inner city community in Chicago. Assessments were conducted in first grade (age 6), adolescence (age 16), early adulthood (age 32), and in mid-adulthood (age 42). The “social adaptation life course” framework guided the focus on social adaptation, social bonds, and economic resources as predictors of adult drug use. Results indicate that more frequent substance use in adolescence and lower-income and less-frequent church attendance in early adulthood increase the risk of mid-life drug use. Shyness in first grade related inversely to later cocaine use and marijuana use (marginally significant). Indirect pathways to drug use also were identified. Gender differences were not significant. The findings show continuities in social maladaptation over time and the importance of social integration and economic resources in the early adult years.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Social Psychology

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