The Construction of Fear: Americans' Preferences for Social Distance from Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems

Author:

Martin Jack K.1,Pescosolido Bernice A.2,Olafsdottir Sigrun3,Mcleod Jane D.4

Affiliation:

1. Jack K. Martin is executive director of the Karl Schuessler Institute for Social Research and is senior research scientist in the Department of Sociology at Indiana University. His current research focuses on developing a systematic model of the stigma of mental illness that incorporates insights from the race attitudes literature. With collaborators Bernice Pescosolido and J. Scott Long, he is currently involved in three separate studies of stigma toward persons with mental illness (all funded by the...

2. Bernice A. Pescosolido is Distinguished Professor of Sociology at Indiana University. Her research targets social network influences in the health care arena, particularly as these ties serve as important links between communities and treatment systems. Under a grant from the Fogarty International Center and with collaborators Jack K. Martin and J. Scott Long, she is conducting an 18-country study of stigma toward persons with mental illness.

3. Sigrun Olafsdottir is a Ph.D. candidate in Sociology at Indiana University. Her research integrates theories of political and cultural sociology with medical sociology, and her dissertation focuses on the role of globalization in the medicalization of mental health and how global ideas interact with local context, captured by the social organization of the welfare state. Her other interests include the role of culture in utilization preferences, cross-national variation in public attitudes toward...

4. Jane D. McLeod is Professor of Sociology and director of research for the Karl F. Schuessler Institute for Social Research at Indiana University. She is currently involved in projects concerned with the transition to adulthood for youth with emotional and behavioral problems, public attitudes toward children with mental disorders (with Bernice Pescosolido and Jack Martin), and the integration of symbolic interactionist principles into social structure and personality research.

Abstract

Debates about children's mental health problems have raised questions about the reliability and validity of diagnosis and treatment. However, little research has focused on social reactions to children with mental health problems. This gap in research raises questions about competing theories of stigma, as well as specific factors shaping prejudice and discrimination toward those children. Here, we organize a general model of stigma that synthesizes previous research. We apply a reduced version of this model to data from a nationally representative sample responding to vignettes depicting several stigmatizing scenarios, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, asthma, or “normal troubles.” Results from the National Stigma Study—Children suggest a gradient of rejection from highest to lowest, as follows: ADHD, depression, “normal troubles,” and physical illness. Stigmatizing reactions are highest toward adolescents. Importantly, respondents who label the vignette child's situation as a mental illness compared to those who label the problem as a physical illness or a “normal” situation report greater preferences for social distance, a pattern that appears to result from perceptions that the child is dangerous.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Social Psychology

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