Diabetes-related nutrition knowledge and dietary adherence in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A mixed-methods exploratory study

Author:

Han Chad Yixian12ORCID,Chan Cherie Geok Boon3,Lim Su Lin1,Zheng Xiaomei4,Woon Zhing Wen5,Chan York Thong46,Bhaskaran Kalpana7,Tan Kim Fong1,Mangaikarasu Kejendran8,Chong Mary Foong-Fong9

Affiliation:

1. Department of Dietetics, National University Hospital, Singapore

2. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Australia

3. Department of Psychology, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore

4. Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore

5. Department of Community Operations, Ng Teng Feng General Hospital, Singapore

6. Y.T.C. is pursuing further studies and has left the place where the research was conducted

7. Glycemic Index Research Unit, School of Applied Science, Temasek Polytechnic, Singapore

8. Professional Training and Assessment Standards Division, Ministry of Health, Singapore

9. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore, Singaporec

Abstract

Aim: The aim of the study is to gain insights into the relationship between diabetes-related nutrition knowledge (DRNK) and diet quality in Singapore. Methods: Forty-two participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital. DRNK and diet quality were ascertained with the DRNK questionnaire and Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010, respectively. Twenty-one semi-structured interviews of perceived barriers and enablers to adherence to dietary guidelines were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed. Results: Participants had a poor mean percentage DRNK score of 39.7% (±17.7) and diet quality of 54.2% (±9.4). Pearson’s correlation tests revealed no correlation between DRNK and diet quality ( r –0.29; p=0.065) but suggest a moderate positive correlation between DRNK and psychosocial self-efficacy ( r 0.41; p=0.008). Thematic analysis revealed six barriers (obesogenic environment; lack of time; conflict between advice and personal values; stress from external sources; lack of personal motivation; gaps in DRNK) and four enablers (personal motivation to improve condition; fear of T2DM complications; sufficient DRNK; presence of social support) to adherence to dietary guidelines. Conclusion: DRNK may not correlate with adherence to dietary guidelines; multiple mediating factors are identified when translating DRNK to practice.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

General Medicine

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