Music Instruction at the California Labor School, 1942–1957

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine music instruction at the California Labor School (CLS), located in San Francisco, California. This institution existed from 1942 to 1957 as a center for adult education affiliated with the Communist Party. Although the curriculum focused on Marxism and labor, the institution also offered classes in general subjects, vocational training, life skills, and the arts to enrich the lives of the immigrants, industrial workers, and people of color that it served. The music program included courses in music fundamentals, appreciation, and songwriting; group and individual instruction in voice, guitar, and piano; and ensembles for singers and instrumentalists. Many people studied music at the CLS for personal growth and enjoyment. Others, however, developed skills useful in promoting the agenda of the Communist Party and the American labor movement. This research focused on music teaching and learning at the CLS in relation to organization, administration, curriculum, ensembles, faculty, and political perspectives. The history of this institution as an agent of social change revealed ethical considerations for music education in modern PK–16 institutions. In addition, the CLS music program aligned with current recommendations for undergraduate study and could serve as an example for curriculum reform today.