Lessons Learned From Contact Tracing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Public Health Students’ Experiences in the Field

Abstract

Contact tracing is a cornerstone in public health practice, providing an effective response to infectious disease outbreaks. Beginning in April 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread quickly in the United States, public health departments increasingly relied on contact tracers to control disease spread and reduce the impact on the community. The Florida Department of Health (DOH) employed hundreds of public health students to pursue transmission control statewide as contact tracers. This study employed a qualitative thematic approach to capture 11 graduate-level public health students’ experiences, motivations, challenges, and recommendations on contact tracing procedures as DOH contract tracers. In-depth interview questions focused on students’ interest in public health, experiences as a contact tracer, patient/case interactions, and personal outlook on the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic brought new experiences and challenges for public health students employed by local health departments as contact tracers. Three categories and subthemes emerged from interviews: (1) motivations to work as a contact tracer, (2) challenges faced throughout employment, and (3) overall assessment of the contact tracing process. Identifying and understanding the work of contact tracers from the system-level perspective is vital as they contribute to improving training and working relationships with management and ultimately extend to the community. Lessons learned during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic should help inform public health practice, especially when considering recruitment, curricula, training, and retention of the public health workforce in the face of current and emerging public health emergencies.