Industry 4.0 Technologies for the Manufacturing and Distribution of COVID-19 Vaccines

Author:

Sarfraz Azza12ORCID,Sarfraz Zouina13ORCID,Sarfraz Muzna14,Abdul Razzack Aminah1,Bano Shehar3ORCID,Singh Makkar Sarabjot1,Thevuthasan Sindhu1,Paul Trissa1,Khawar Sana Muhammad1,Azeem Nishwa5,Felix Miguel67,Cherrez-Ojeda Ivan67

Affiliation:

1. Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, FL, USA

2. The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan

3. Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

4. King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan

5. Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

6. Universidad Espiritu Santo, Samborondon, Ecuador

7. Respiralab Research Group, Guayaquil, Ecuador

Abstract

Background The evolutionary stages of manufacturing have led us to conceptualize the use of Industry 4.0 for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), powered by Industry 4.0 technologies. Using applications of integrated process optimizations reliant on digitized data, we propose novel intelligent networks along the vaccine value chain. Vaccine 4.0 may enable maintenance processes, streamline logistics, and enable optimal production of COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine 4.0 Framework The challenge in applying Vaccine 4.0 includes the requirement of large-scale technologies for digitally transforming manufacturing, producing, rolling-out, and distributing vaccines. With our framework, Vaccine 4.0 analytics will target process performance, process development, process stability, compliance, quality assessment, and optimized maintenance. The benefits of digitization during and post the COVID-19 pandemic include first, the continual assurance of process control, and second, the efficacy of big-data analytics in streamlining set parameter limits. Digitization including big data-analytics may potentially improve the quality of large-scale vaccine production, profitability, and manufacturing processes. The path to Vaccine 4.0 will enhance vaccine quality, improve efficacy, and compliance with data-regulated requirements. Discussion Fiscal and logistical barriers are prevalent across resource-limited countries worldwide. The Vaccine 4.0 framework accounts for expected barriers of manufacturing and equitably distributing COVID-19 vaccines. With amalgamating big data analytics and biometrics, we enable the identification of vulnerable populations who are at higher risk of disease transmission. Artificial intelligence powered sensors and robotics support thermostable vaccine distribution in limited capacity regions, globally. Biosensors isolate COVID-19 vaccinations with low or limited efficacy. Finally, Vaccine 4.0 blockchain systems address low- and middle-income countries with limited distribution capacities. Conclusion Vaccine 4.0 is a viable framework to optimize manufacturing of vaccines during and post the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health,Community and Home Care

Reference19 articles.

1. Zimmer C, Corum J, Wee S-L. Coronavirus vaccine tracker. NY Times. 2020. Accessed October 11, 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/science/coronavirus-vaccine-tracker.html

2. Cyber-physical-based PAT (CPbPAT) framework for Pharma 4.0

3. Big Data Skills Sustainable Development in Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals

4. World Bank. Identification for Development. https://id4d.worldbank.org/

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