Affiliation:
1. Independent Scholar
2. Department of Psychology, Asbury University, Wilmore, USA
3. Instytut Psychologii, Uniwersytet Kardynala Stefana Wyszynskiego w Warszawie, Warszawa, Poland
Abstract
Familial trafficking is a form of human trafficking that refers to the trafficking being perpetrated by family members. While more research is available on familial sex trafficking, minors have also been exploited in other forms of human trafficking, such as labor trafficking (e.g., in manufacturing, agriculture, domestic servitude, begging, and criminal activities). The involvement of family members varies and may consist of ongoing exploitation. At the same time, the child lives at home or a decision to “sell” the child to traffickers in exchange for money, debt reduction, drugs, and more. Historically, there has been evidence globally of various practices that could today be defined as familial trafficking. The reasons behind familial trafficking are complex and related to several factors, such as culture, community, and individual characteristics of each family member. The framework of risk factors frequently used in human trafficking studies can shed some light on the driving forces of familial trafficking. The consequences of being trafficked by a family member are delineated, and treatment considerations are offered.
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