Presenting Ethnicity: Israeli Citizenship Discourse

Author:

Herzog Ben1

Affiliation:

1. Ben-Gurion Research Institute for the study of Israel & Zionism, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.

Abstract

In 1950, Israel enacted the Law of Return and 2 years afterwards passed its Citizenship Law. These measures reflected the Zionist goal of encouraging Jewish immigration to Israel/Palestine, so citizenship was mostly limited to Jews. In other words, an ascriptive/ethnic classification was at the foundation of Israeli citizenship. This article explores the construction of the citizenship laws in relation to various forms of categorization—biological descent, cultural belonging, racial classifications, and voluntary affiliation. It asks how the Israeli citizenship policy was presented and which mechanisms were employed in order to justify the incorporation of all Jews, including those from Arab countries, while attempting to exclude non-Jews. After analyzing official state policies and parliamentary debates in Israel regarding the citizenship laws, I present the mechanisms employed to present the ethnic immigration policy. Those mechanisms include emphasizing the positive and democratic sides of allowing Jewish immigration; repeatedly avoiding the usage of racial terminology; highlighting the willingness to incorporate non-Jewish residents; and employing security justifications when prohibiting non-Jewish immigration. Being the Jewish State, Israel wanted to favor Jews in its immigration and naturalization policies. However, being also committed to democratic values and principles, it desired to disassociate itself from racial attitudes.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Political Science and International Relations,Economics and Econometrics,Sociology and Political Science,Cultural Studies

Reference38 articles.

1. Difference, Otherness, Exclusion

2. Bar-Rav-Hai, D. (1952, February 19). Protocol 11. Citizenship Law Committee, Second Knesset, Knesset Archives, Jerusalem.

3. Becoming a black Jew: cultural racism and anti‐racism in contemporary Israel

4. The Contradictions of Israeli Citizenship

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