The Influence of Perioperative Soft Tissue Complications on the Clinical Outcome in Surgically Treated Ankle Fractures

Abstract

The influence of perioperative soft tissue complications on the functional outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of closed ankle fractures was investigated. Eighty-eight consecutive patients were followed 3.7 years (SD ± 0.6) after the injury. Two major and 21 minor soft tissue complications were registered. Average dorsal extension was 29.9° (range four to 54, SD ± 9.5) of the fractured ankles and 37.2° (range eight to 60, SD ± 9.1) of the non-fractured ankles. The average subjective functional score was 84.6 (range 40 to 100, SD±14.9). A significant difference was found with respect to the subjective functional score (p = 0.048, Kruskal-Wallis test) but not with respect to dorsal extension (0.358, Kruskal-Wallis test) when comparing groups of minor, major and no soft tissue complications. This study suggests that major soft tissue complications have a negative effect on the long-term functional outcome after surgical repair of an ankle fracture. Minor soft tissue complications, primary skin problems, the timing of primary surgery and fracture types according to AO/ASIF have no or minor influence on the long-term functional result. This study confirms previous reports that the presence of osteoarthritis is frequently associated with a reduced functional outcome.