The Influence of X-Ray Orientation on the First Metatarsocuneiform Joint Angle

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the first metatarsocuneiform (MC) joint angle is affected by the orientation of the x-ray beam, whether it can be reliably measured, and, therefore, whether it is a valid indication of tarsometatarsal fusion as an adjunct to hallux valgus surgery. Each of seven cadaver feet were loaded to 350 newtons in a Plexiglas apparatus that maintained the foot in a plantigrade position. The loading apparatus was positioned to simulate a 10°, 20°, and 30° dorsal angulation of the x-ray beam. At each position, simulated weightbearing radiographs were obtained for each foot. Three observers independently measured the first MC angle and the first intermetatarsal (IM) angle on all the radiographs. The data collected were analyzed by the components of variance. The inclination of the first MC joint lessens significantly as the orientation of the x-ray beam changes from a 10° to a 20° tilt. The three examiners' mean MC angles and mean IM angles from the three sets of radiographs were not statistically different from each other, implying that there were minimal examiner-to-examiner differences in measuring these angles. There were no significant differences in measurements between examiners, suggesting that the first MC and first IM angles can be measured reliably. There was a significant difference in the first MC angle, with different orientations of the foot with respect to the x-ray beam, suggesting that this angular measurement should not be used as an indication for tarsometatarsal arthrodesis.