When Does the Flat-Top Talus Lesion Occur in Idiopathic Clubfoot: Evaluation with Magnetic Resonance Imaging At Three Months of Age

Abstract

Flat-top talus has been described as a pathologic change secondary to idiopathic clubfoot condition and/or as a direct result of nonoperative manipulation involving forced dorsiflexion and molding of the cartilaginous talus. No definitive study, however, on the etiology and the timing of the flat-top talus deformity has been performed to date. The authors evaluated the magnetic resonance images of eleven patients with idiopathic clubfoot deformities treated with 2 to 3 months of casting to assess if flattening of the talar dome occurred at this age with this amount of casting. All children were 3 months of age, were casted for a maximum of 2 to 3 months, and sedated before MRI examination. The images were evaluated for maximum talar head height, maximum talar body height, and deviation of the talar body from a perfect circle. Maximum talar head height ranged from 4 to 9 mm, maximum talar body height ranged from 6 to 10mm. Eight of the eleven had maximum talar body measurements 3 to 5mm greater than maximum talar head height. Three of the eleven patients had head and body size of equal proportion. Two of the eleven had a talar body that was within 1mm of a perfect circle. The remaining nine patients had perfectly round talar bodies. In the senior author's (RSD) experience with treating clubfeet, a substantial increase has been seen at operation in flat-top tali among children that were casted for more than 1 year before surgical correction, compared to children casted for 3 months before surgical correction. The current investigation indicated that although tali of children with clubfeet are abnormally shaped, the talar body remains larger than the talar head and maintains its roundness after two to three months of corrective casting. Maintenance of cast treatment for more than three months may lead to the flat-top talus deformity. The authors recommend surgical intervention following three months of failed manipulation and casting to prevent this deformity.