Long-term Follow-up Results of Buechel-Pappas Ankle Arthroplasty

Abstract

Background: Total ankle replacement (TAR) is gaining popularity as a treatment option for ankle osteoarthritis. Long-term implant survival is a critical outcome to determine the success of the TAR implant. The Buechel-Pappas (BP) implant is a second-generation mobile bearing implant. The aim of this study was to analyze the BP implant survivorship at 10-year follow-up, make a subanalysis between patient groups, and evaluate long-term functional outcomes. Methods: Data of 86 patients who received 101 BP implants between 1993 and 2010 were obtained from a prospectively documented database. Subanalyses were done for patients diagnosed with inflammatory joint disease and noninflammatory joint disease, and patients with preoperative tibiotalar neutral and nonneutral alignment. A Kaplan-Meier curve was used for survival analysis. Long-term functional outcomes were assessed with the following patient-reported outcome measures: Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), Short Form-36 (SF-36) Stand Version 2.0 Health Survey and 3 anchor questions. Results: The survival rate of the BP implant at 10 years was 86% (95% confidence interval, 78%-93%). A total of 31 patients (36%) required 55 reoperations, and in 13 patients (15%) a revision procedure was performed. In this series, no significant difference in 10-year survival rate was found between neither the inflammatory joint disease and noninflammatory joint disease group ( P = .47), nor the tibiotalar neutral and nonneutral alignment group ( P = .16). At a mean follow-up of 16.8 years for 21 patients, the mean FAOS activities of daily living (ADL) and FAAM ADL subscale scores were 75/100 and 56/100 points. The mean physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-36 were 34/100 and 51/100 points, respectively. Conclusion: A survival rate of 86% was found at 10-year follow-up for the Buechel-Pappas implant. Our series demonstrated no significant difference in 10-year survival rates between the 2 patient subgroups. Long-term results of the various functional outcomes varied between poor and moderate. Level of Evidence: Level II, prospective cohort study.